Uma uke wamba kuzilungiselelo zenethiwekhi yekhompyutha yakho, kungenzeka ukuthi ubone amakheli amabili ahlukene esohlwini: ikheli le-IP kanye nekheli le-MAC. Zombili ziyadingeka ukuze idivayisi yakho ixhumane ku-inthanethi, kodwa zisebenzisa izinjongo ezihluke ngokuphelele.
Ikheli le-MAC: I-DNA Yedivayisi yakho
Ikheli le-MAC (Media Access Control) ikheli lendawo elishiswe ekhadini lenethiwekhi ledivayisi yakho ngumkhiqizi. Kubukeka njengochungechunge lwezinhlamvu nezinombolo ezihlukaniswa ngamakholoni (isb., 00:1A:2B:3C:4D:5E).
- Unaphakade: Ngokuvamile, ikheli le-MAC alishintshi. Iboshwe unomphela kuhadiwe.
- Ububanzi: Isetshenziselwa ukuxhumana kwendawo kuphela. Uma ikhompuyutha ephathekayo yakho ithumela idatha kurutha yakho yasekhaya ye-Wi-Fi, isebenzisa amakheli e-MAC ukuqinisekisa ukuthi idatha iya kudivayisi ephathekayo elungile egumbini.
- Ubumfihlo: Amakheli e-MAC awahambi ku-inthanethi yonkana. Iwebhusayithi oyivakashelayo ayikwazi ukubona ikheli lakho le-MAC; babona ikheli lakho le-IP kuphela.
Ikheli Le-IP: Ikheli Leposi Ledivayisi yakho
Ikheli le-IP (Internet Protocol) ikheli elinengqondo elinikezwe inethiwekhi yakho (noma i-ISP). Kubukeka sengathi 192.168.1.5 (IPv4) noma iyunithi yezinhlamvu ende (IPv6).
- Unaphakade: Amakheli e-IP ashintsha njalo. Uma uthatha ikhompuyutha yakho ephathekayo usuka endlini yakho uye esitolo sekhofi, ikheli lakho le-MAC alishintshi, kodwa uzokwabelwa ikheli le-IP elisha ngomzila wesitolo sekhofi.
- Ububanzi: Isetshenziselwa ukuxhumana komhlaba jikelele. Ikheli lasesizindeni se-inthanethi livumela idatha ukuthi idluliselwe kusuka kuseva uhhafu womhlaba wonke, nge-inthanethi, iye kwirutha yangakini.
Indlela Abasebenzisana Ngayo
Cabanga nge-inthanethi njengesevisi yeposi. Ikheli lasesizindeni se-inthanethi lifana nekhodi ye-ZIP negama lomgwaqo—lithola iphakheji (idatha) esakhiweni esifanele (umzila wakho). Uma iphakheji lisesakhiweni, ikheli le-MAC lifana negama elisemnyangweni othize wefulethi—liqinisekisa ukuthi umzila uhambisa idatha kukhompyutha yakho ephathekayo, hhayi ithebhulethi yomuntu ohlala naye.