Ngaso sonke isikhathi uma uxhuma ku-inthanethi, idivayisi yakho inikezwa isihlonzi esiyingqayizivele esaziwa njengekheli le-IP (Internet Protocol). Kodwa liyini ngempela ikheli le-IP, futhi kungani kufanele ulikhathalele?
Ukuqonda Ikheli Le-IP
Cabanga ngekheli le-IP njengekheli lokubuyisela ledijithali ledivayisi yakho. Njengoba nje udinga ikheli lendawo ukuze uthole i-imeyili endlini yakho, ikhompuyutha yakho, i-smartphone, noma i-smart TV idinga ikheli lasesizindeni se-inthanethi ukuze uthole idatha evela ku-inthanethi. Uma ulayisha iwebhusayithi, idivayisi yakho ithumela isicelo kuseva yewebhusayithi, futhi iseva isebenzisa ikheli lakho le-IP ukuze yazi ukuthi izoyibuyisela kuphi idatha yekhasi lewebhu.
Ikheli le-IPv4 ngokuvamile libukeka kanje: 192.168.1.1. Nokho, ngenxa yokuthi umhlaba uphelelwe amakheli e-IPv4, sishintshela ku-IPv6, ebukeka njenge-2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334.
Amakheli e-IP asesidlangalaleni vs
Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwamakheli akho e-IP asesidlangalaleni nayimfihlo:
- Ikheli Le-IP Eliyimfihlo: Inikezwe umzila wakho wasekhaya kumadivayisi akunethiwekhi yakho yendawo. Ibonakala kuphela kwamanye amadivaysi angaphakathi kwendlu yakho.
- Ikheli Le-IP Lomphakathi: Inikezwe Umhlinzeki Wesevisi Ye-inthanethi (ISP) yakho kumzila wakho. Leli ikheli elibonwa yi-inthanethi yonke uma upheqa ku-inthanethi.
Kungani Ikheli Lakho Le-IP Lomphakathi Libalulekile
Ikheli lakho lasesizindeni se-intanethi liveza inani elimangalisayo lolwazi mayelana nawe kumawebhusayithi owavakashelayo.
1. Ukulandelela Indawo
Amakheli e-IP ahlelwe ngokwendawo. Nakuba ikheli lasesizindeni se-inthanethi lingeke lidalule ikheli lakho lasekhaya eliqondile, cishe lihlala liveza izwe lakini, isifunda/isifunda, idolobha, kanye nekhodi yakho ye-ZIP elinganiselwe. Lena yindlela amawebhusayithi akunikeza ngayo isimo sezulu sasendaweni noma akhawulela okuqukethwe okusekelwe ezweni lakini (geo-blocking).
2. Ukuhlonza i-ISP
Noma ubani obheka ikheli lakho le-IP angakwazi ukuhlonza Umhlinzeki Wesevisi yakho Ye-inthanethi (isb., i-Comcast, i-AT&T, i-Vodafone). Ezimeni zomsebenzi ongekho emthethweni, abomthetho bangabiza i-ISP ukuze ihambisane nekheli le-IP ne-akhawunti yekhasimende ethile.
3. Ukukhangisa Okuhlosiwe
Abakhangisi balandelela amakheli e-IP ukuze bakhe iphrofayela yemikhuba yakho yokuphequlula kuwo wonke amawebhusayithi ahlukahlukene, bakunikeza izikhangiso ezisekelwe endaweni yakho kanye nezithakazelo ozibonayo.
Ungalibheka Kanjani Ikheli Lakho Le-IP
Ukuthola ukuthi liyini ikheli lakho le-IP lomphakathi, kanye nokubona ukuthi iluphi ulwazi oludalulayo, kulula. Ungasebenzisa ithuluzi lethu lokubheka mahhala.