Uma uhlola ikheli lakho le-IP namuhla, ungase ubone ukulandelana okuvamile kwezinombolo ezine ezifana 192.168.1.1. Leli ikheli le-IPv4. Kodwa ungase futhi ubone iyunithi yezinhlamvu ende kakhulu, eyinkimbinkimbi ehlanganisa izinhlamvu nezinombolo, njengokuthi 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334. Lelo yikheli le-IPv6. Kungani kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene, futhi kungani i-IPv6 ithatha izintambo?
Inkinga nge-IPv4
I-IPv4 (inguqulo 4 ye-Internet Protocol) yasungulwa ekuqaleni kwawo-1980. Isebenzisa indawo yamakheli angu-32-bit, okusho ukuthi ingasekela umkhawulo wamakheli ahlukile angaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4.3. Ngawo-1980, lokhu kwakubonakala kuyinani elingapheli. Akekho owabikezela ukuthi ekugcineni, wonke umuntu uzoba ne-smartphone, ikhompyutha, i-smart TV, namalambu okukhanyisa axhumeke ku-inthanethi.
Ngo-2011, ukubhaliswa komhlaba wonke kwaphelelwa ngokusemthethweni amakheli e-IPv4 amasha, angabelwe. Ama-ISP kwadingeka aqale ukusebenzisa amaqhinga ahlakaniphile (njenge-NAT) ukuze abe nekheli le-IP lomphakathi elilodwa phakathi kwamakhaya amaningi ukuze agcine i-inthanethi isebenza.
Faka i-IPv6
I-IPv6 yadalelwa ukuxazulula le nkinga yokukhathala. Esikhundleni samabhithi angu-32, isebenzisa amabhithi angu-128. Lokhu kwandiswa okukhulu kusho ukuthi i-IPv6 inganikeza cishe amakheli angama-340 we-undecillion (lokho kungu-340 okulandelwa ngoziro abangu-36). Ukubeka lokho ngombono, kunamakheli e-IPv6 anele okunikeza elilodwa ku-athomu ngayinye esebusweni boMhlaba.
Kungani i-IPv6 Ingcono
Ngaphandle kokusinika amanye amakheli, i-IPv6 iletha ukuthuthukiswa okuningana kobuchwepheshe:
- Ayisekho i-NAT: Nge-IPv4, umzila wakho usebenzisa Ukuhumusha Ikheli Lenethiwekhi (NAT) ukufihla wonke amadivayisi akho asekhaya ngemuva kwe-IP eyodwa yomphakathi. Nge-IPv6, yonke idivayisi ekhaya lakho ingaba nekheli layo lasesizindeni se-inthanethi elihlukile, elishintshekayo emhlabeni jikelele, okwenza ukuxhumana kontanga (njengokudlala ku-inthanethi ne-VoIP) kusheshe kakhulu futhi kuthembeke kakhulu.
- Ukuphepha Okwakhelwe Ngaphakathi: I-IPv6 yaklanywa nge-IPsec (Internet Protocol Security) eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, ehlinzeka ngokubethela ngasemaphethelweni kanye nokuqinisekisa, okwenza ukunqanyulwa kwedatha kube nzima kakhulu.
- Umzila Osebenza Kakhulu: Isakhiwo se-IPv6 senza kube lula kuma-router ukucubungula amaphakethe, okungase kuholele ku-inthanethi esheshayo iyonke.
Ushintsho luhamba kancane, kodwa alugwemeki. Awudingi ukwenza noma yini ukuze uthuthukise—i-ISP yakho kanye namadivayisi akho azokusingatha ngokuzenzakalela ngemuva!