Uma uhlala ekhaya elijwayelekile, kungenzeka ukuthi une-smartphone, ikhompuyutha ephathekayo, i-smart TV, futhi mhlawumbe ikhonsoli yokudlala konke okuxhumeke ku-inthanethi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Wonke la madivayisi abelana ngekheli le-IP lomphakathi elilodwa elinikezwe i-ISP yakho. Ngakho-ke, lapho ulayisha ividiyo ocingweni lwakho, irutha yazi kanjani ukuthumela ividiyo ocingweni lwakho hhayi ku-smart TV yakho?
Umlingo ngemuva kwalokhu inqubo ebizwa nge-Network Address Translation (NAT).
Okuyimfihlo vs. Amakheli e-IP asesidlangalaleni
Irutha yakho idala inethiwekhi yangasese, yendawo ngaphakathi kwendlu yakho. Inikeza ikheli le-IP eliyimfihlo (imvamisa iqala ngokuthi 192.168... noma 10.0...) kuwo wonke amadivayisi axhunywe ku-Wi-Fi. Nokho, lawa makheli ayimfihlo awasebenziseki ku-inthanethi yomphakathi.
Iqhaza le-NAT
Uma uthepha isixhumanisi sevidiyo efonini yakho, ifoni yakho ithumela isicelo kumzila. I-router ibheka isicelo futhi yenza izinto ezimbalwa:
- Irekhoda ikheli le-IP eliyimfihlo lefoni yakho kuthebula lokuhumusha.
- Ingena esikhundleni se-IP yangasese yefoni yakho nekheli lasesizindeni se-inthanethi lerutha.
- Inikeza "inombolo yembobo" ehlukile esicelweni futhi iyithumele ku-inthanethi.
Kuseva yevidiyo, isicelo sibukeka sengathi sivele ngqo kumzila. Iseva ithumela idatha yevidiyo emuva ekhelini le-IP lomphakathi lerutha, elimakwe ngaleyo nombolo yembobo ethile.
Ukuletha Iphakheji
Lapho idatha yevidiyo ifika endlini yakho, i-router ihlola inombolo yembobo kudatha engenayo, ibheka ithebula layo lokuhumusha, futhi ithi, "Ah, i-port 55432 ifana nesicelo esenziwe i-smartphone ku-IP yangasese 192.168.1.5." Ibese idlulisela idatha kufoni yakho.
Yonke le nqubo yokuhumusha amakheli kanye nokuhlola izimbobo kwenzeka ngama-millisecond ezinkulungwaneni zamaphakethe njalo ngesekhondi, iqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu osendlini uthola idatha elungile ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.