Ukuba ujonga idilesi yakho ye-IP namhlanje, unokubona ulandelelwano oluqhelekileyo lwamanani amane afana 192.168.1.1. Le yidilesi ye IPv4. Kodwa unokubona umtya omde kakhulu, ontsokothileyo obandakanya iileta kunye namanani, afana 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334. Leyo yidilesi ye-IPv6. Kutheni kukho iindidi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo, kwaye kutheni i-IPv6 ithatha indawo?
Ingxaki nge IPv4
IPv4 (inguqulo yesi-4 yeProtokholi ye-Intanethi) yaphuhliswa ekuqaleni koo-1980. Isebenzisa isithuba se-32-bit yeedilesi, nto leyo ethetha ukuba inokuxhasa ubuninzi beedilesi ezizodwa ezimalunga ne-4.3 yeebhiliyoni. Ngeminyaka yee-1980, oku kwakubonakala ngathi sisixa esingenasiphelo. Akukho mntu waxela kwangaphambili ukuba ekugqibeleni, wonke umntu uya kuba ne-smartphone, ikhompyuter, iTV ehlakaniphile, kunye nezibane eziqhagamshelwe kwi-Intanethi.
Ngo-2011, ubhaliso lwehlabathi luphelelwe ngokusesikweni kwiidilesi ze-IPv4 ezintsha, ezingabiwanga. Ii-ISPs kwafuneka ziqalise ukusebenzisa amaqhinga (njenge-NAT) ukwabelana ngedilesi ye-IP yoluntu enye phakathi kwamakhaya amaninzi ukugcina nje i-intanethi isebenza.
Ngenisa i-IPv6
IPv6 yenzelwe ukusombulula le ngxaki yokudinwa. Endaweni yeebhithi ezingama-32, isebenzisa iibhithi ezili-128. Olu lwando lukhulu luthetha ukuba i-IPv6 inokubonelela malunga nama-340 eedilesi ze-undecillion (leyo yi-340 elandelwa ngama-zero angama-36). Ukubeka oko ngokwembono, kukho iidilesi ezaneleyo ze-IPv6 zokwabela enye kwiathom nganye ephezu koMhlaba.
Kutheni IPv6 Ingcono
Ngaphaya kokusinika iidilesi ezingakumbi, i-IPv6 izisa uphuculo oluninzi lobugcisa:
- Akusekho NAT: Nge-IPv4, umzila wakho usebenzisa i-Network Address Translation (NAT) ukufihla zonke izixhobo zakho zasekhaya emva kwe-IP kawonke-wonke. Nge-IPv6, isixhobo ngasinye esikwikhaya lakho sinokuba neyaso eyodwa, idilesi ye-IP kawonke-wonke ekwazi ukuxhathisa, senza unxibelelwano lontanga-kwintanga (njengomdlalo we-intanethi kunye neVoIP) ngokukhawuleza nangokuthembeke ngakumbi.
- Ukhuseleko olwakhelwe ngaphakathi:I-IPv6 yenzelwe kunye ne-IPsec (uKhuseleko lweProtokholi ye-Intanethi) eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi, ebonelela nge-encryption yokuphela ukuya ekupheleni kunye nokuqinisekiswa, okwenza ukuvalelwa kwedatha kube nzima kakhulu.
- Umzila oSebenza ngakumbi: Ulwakhiwo lwe-IPv6 lwenza kube lula kwiirutha ukucubungula iipakethi, ezinokuthi zikhokelele kumava akhawulezayo e-intanethi.
Utshintsho lucotha, kodwa alunakuphepheka. Awudingi ukwenza nantoni na ukuphucula-i-ISP yakho kunye nezixhobo zakho ziya kuyiphatha ngokuzenzekelayo ngasemva!