Ukuba uhlala kwikhaya eliqhelekileyo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba une-smartphone, ilaptop, iTV ehlakaniphile, kwaye mhlawumbi ikhonsoli yokudlala yonke iqhagamshelwe kwi-intanethi ngaxeshanye. Zonke ezi zixhobo zabelana ngedilesi ye-IP yoluntu enye enikezwe yi-ISP yakho. Ke, xa ulayisha ividiyo kwifowuni yakho, i-router yazi njani ukuthumela ividiyo kwifowuni yakho hayi kwi-smart TV yakho?
Umlingo osemva koku yinkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yiNguqulelo yedilesi yeNethiwekhi (NAT).
Yabucala vs. Iidilesi ze-IP zoluntu
I-router yakho yenza inethiwekhi yabucala, yasekhaya ngaphakathi kwendlu yakho. Inika idilesi ye-IP yabucala (idla ngokuqala nge-192.168... okanye 10.0...) kuso sonke isixhobo esiqhagamshelwe kwi-Wi-Fi. Nangona kunjalo, ezi dilesi zabucala azikwazi ukuhanjiswa kwi-intanethi yoluntu.
Indima ye-NAT
Xa ucofa ikhonkco levidiyo kwifowuni yakho, ifowuni yakho ithumela isicelo kwi-router. I-router ijonga isicelo kwaye yenza izinto ezimbalwa:
- Irekhoda idilesi ye-IP yabucala yefowuni yakho kwitafile yokuguqulela.
- Ithatha indawo ye-IP yabucala yefowuni yakho kunye nedilesi ye-IP kawonke-wonke yomzila.
- Inika "inombolo yezibuko" eyodwa kwisicelo kwaye iyithumele kwi-intanethi.
Kwiseva yevidiyo, isicelo sibonakala ngathi sivela ngqo kwi-router. Umncedisi uthumela idatha yevidiyo emva kwidilesi ye-IP kawonkewonke ye-router, ephawulwe ngelo nombolo yezibuko.
Ukuhambisa iPackage
Xa idatha yevidiyo ifika endlwini yakho, i-router ihlola inombolo ye-port kwidatha engenayo, ibheka itafile yayo yokuguqulela, kwaye ithi, "Ah, i-port 55432 ihambelana nesicelo esenziwe yi-smartphone kwi-IP yangasese ye-IP 192.168.1.5." Emva koko ithumela idatha kwifowuni yakho.
Le nkqubo yonke yokuguqulela iidilesi kunye nokujonga amachweba kwenzeka kwi-milliseconds kumawaka eepakethi nganye yesibini, ukuqinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu wendlu ufumana idatha echanekileyo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.