Haeba u lula lelapeng le tloaelehileng, mohlomong u na le smartphone, laptop, TV e bohlale, mohlomong le khomphutha ea lipapali tse hokahaneng le inthanete ka nako e le 'ngoe. Lisebelisoa tsena kaofela li arolelana aterese e le 'ngoe ea IP ea sechaba e fanoeng ke ISP ea hau. Kahoo, ha u kenya video fonong ea hau, router e tseba joang ho romela video fonong ea hau eseng ho TV ea hau e bohlale?
Boloi ba sena ke ts'ebetso e bitsoang Network Address Translation (NAT).
Poraefete vs. Liaterese tsa IP tsa Sechaba
Router ea hau e theha marang-rang a lekunutu, a lehae ka hare ho ntlo ea hau. E fana ka aterese ea IP ea poraefete (hangata ho qala ka 192.168... kapa 10.0...) sesebelisoa se seng le se seng se hoketsoeng ho Wi-Fi. Leha ho le joalo, liaterese tsena tsa poraefete ha li khonehe inthaneteng ea sechaba.
Karolo ea NAT
Ha o tlanya sehokelo sa video fonong ya hao, fono ya hao e romela kopo ho router. Router e sheba kopo mme e etsa lintho tse 'maloa:
- E tlaleha aterese ea hau ea IP ea lekunutu ea mohala oa hau tafoleng ea phetolelo.
- E nkela aterese ea IP ea poraefete ea mohala oa hau ka aterese ea IP ea sechaba.
- E fana ka "port number" e ikhethang ho kopo ebe e e romella marang-rang.
Ho seva sa video, kopo e shebahala eka e tsoa ho router ka kotloloho. Seva e khutlisetsa data ea video ho aterese ea IP ea sechaba ea router, e tšoailoeng ka nomoro ea boema-kepe e itseng.
Ho Tsamaisa Sephutheloana
Ha data ea video e fihla ntlong ea hau, router e hlahloba nomoro ea koung ho data e kenang, e sheba tafoleng ea eona ea ho fetolela, 'me e re, "Ah, port 55432 e lumellana le kopo e entsoeng ke smartphone ho IP 192.168.1.5 ea botho." E ntan'o fetisetsa data ho fono ea hau.
Ts'ebetso ena eohle ea ho fetolela liaterese le ho hlahloba likou e etsahala ka li-milliseconds bakeng sa lipakete tse likete motsotsoana o mong le o mong, ho netefatsa hore motho e mong le e mong ka tlung o fumana lintlha tse nepahetseng ntle le tšitiso.