Today, we take it for granted that a small device in our pocket can pinpoint our exact location anywhere on Earth. But the Global Positioning System (GPS) was decades in the making, born from the tensions of the Cold War and the Space Race.
Dhiirigelinta Sputnik
In 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik, the first artificial satellite. Saynis yahano Maraykan ah oo la socday Sputnik ayaa ogaaday wax xiiso leh: Saamaynta Doppler awgeed, inta jeer ee calaamadaha raadiyaha dayax-gacmeedka ayaa isbeddelay markii uu soo dhawaaday ka dibna sii fogaaday. They realized that if they knew their exact location on Earth, they could map the satellite's orbit. More importantly, if they knew the satellite's exact orbit, they could figure out their exact location on Earth.
Mashruuc Ciidan
Intii lagu jiray 1960-meeyadii iyo 1970-meeyadii, Wasaaradda Difaaca ee Mareykanka waxay soo saartay fikradda nidaam adag oo asal ahaan loo yaqaan Navstar GPS. Waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu caawiyo milatariga si sax ah u beegsadaan gantaallada, isku dubaridka dhaq-dhaqaaqa ciidamada, iyo in ay maraan maraakiibta iyo diyaaradaha. Dayax gacmeedkii ugu horreeyay ee GPS-ka ayaa la diray 1978-kii.
Helitaanka Rayidka iyo "Helitaanka Xulashada"
Sannadkii 1983-kii, diyaarad rakaab ah oo ay leedahay shirkadda diyaaradaha ee Korean Air Lines ayaa la toogtay ka dib markii ay si lama filaan ah ugu gudubtay hawada Soofiyeedka sababo la xiriira cilad marineed. Isagoo ka jawaabaya, Madaxweyne Ronald Reagan wuxuu amray in GPS-ka loo diyaariyo isticmaalka rayidka si looga hortago musiibooyinka mustaqbalka.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, millatarigu wuxuu si ula kac ah u hoos u dhigay calaamadda rayidka barnaamijka loo yaqaan "Helitaanka Xulashada," taasoo GPS-ka rayidka ka dhigaysa mid aan sax ahayn ilaa 100 mitir. Ma ahayn ilaa sanadkii 2000 in madaxweyne Bill Clinton uu ku amray milatariga in ay damiyaan Helitaanka Xulashada, isaga oo isla markiiba ka dhigaya GPS-ka rayidka 10 jeer ka saxsan.
Waayihii Casriga ahaa
Ka saarista Helitaanka Xulashada waxay dhalisay kacdoon tignoolajiyadeed. Waxay awood u siisay abuurista nidaamyada socodka baabuurta ee leexashada, barnaamijyada casriga ah ee goobta ku salaysan, adeegyada wadaagga raacitaanka sida Uber, iyo aaladaha goobta aan maanta ku isticmaalno shabakadaha sida LocalAtual.