Niba ugenzura aderesi ya IP uyumunsi, urashobora kubona urutonde rumenyereye rwimibare ine nka 192.168.1.1 . Iyi ni aderesi ya IPv4. Ariko urashobora kandi kubona birebire cyane, bigoye umurongo urimo inyuguti nimibare, nka 2001: 0db8: 85a3: 0000: 0000: 8a2e: 0370: 7334 . Iyo ni aderesi ya IPv6. Kuki hariho ubwoko bubiri butandukanye, kandi kuki IPv6 ifata?
Ikibazo na IPv4
IPv4 (Internet Protocol verisiyo ya 4) yakozwe mu ntangiriro ya za 1980. Ikoresha umwanya wa 32-bit ya adresse, bivuze ko ishobora gushyigikira ntarengwa ya miliyari 4.3 zidasanzwe. Mu myaka ya za 1980, ibi byasaga nkamafaranga atagira ingano. Ntamuntu wahanuye ko amaherezo, umuntu wese yaba afite terefone, mudasobwa, televiziyo ifite ubwenge, n'amatara ahuza interineti.
Muri 2011, kwiyandikisha kwisi yabuze kumugaragaro aderesi nshya, adashyizweho IPv4. ISP yagombaga gutangira gukoresha amayeri yubwenge (nka NAT) kugirango dusangire aderesi ya IP rusange mumazu menshi kugirango interineti ikore.
Injira IPv6
IPv6 yashizweho kugirango ikemure iki kibazo cyo kunanirwa. Aho gukoresha 32 bits, ikoresha bits 128. Uku kwaguka gukomeye bivuze ko IPv6 ishobora gutanga aderesi zigera kuri 340 (ni 340 zikurikirwa na zeru 36). Kugirango ubishyire mubitekerezo, hariho aderesi ya IPv6 ihagije kugirango igenere imwe kuri buri atom imwe hejuru yisi.
Impamvu IPv6 ari nziza
Usibye kuduha aderesi nyinshi, IPv6 izana iterambere rya tekinike:
- Ntakindi NAT: Hamwe na IPv4, router yawe ikoresha Network Adresse Translation (NAT) kugirango uhishe ibikoresho byawe byose murugo inyuma ya IP rusange. Hamwe na IPv6, igikoresho cyose murugo rwawe gishobora kugira umwihariko wacyo, kwisi yose ikunzwe kwisi yose ya IP rusange, bigatuma urungano rwurungano rwawe (nkumukino wo kuri interineti na VoIP) byihuse kandi byizewe.
- Umutekano wubatswe: IPv6 yateguwe na IPsec (Umutekano wa Porotokole ya Internet) yubatswe, itanga ibanga rya nyuma kugeza iherezo no kwemeza, bigatuma kwinjiza amakuru bigorana cyane.
- Inzira Nziza Zirenze: Imiterere ya IPv6 yorohereza ba router gutunganya paki, zishobora kuganisha muburyo bwihuse kuri enterineti.
Inzibacyuho iratinda, ariko byanze bikunze. Ntugomba gukora ikintu icyo aricyo cyose kugirango uzamure - ISP yawe nibikoresho byawe bizahita bikemura inyuma!