Yog tias koj tshawb xyuas koj tus IP chaw nyob niaj hnub no, koj yuav pom qhov paub txog plaub tus lej zoo li 192.168.1.1. Qhov no yog qhov chaw nyob IPv4. Tab sis tej zaum koj kuj yuav pom ntev npaum li cas, txoj hlua nyuaj uas muaj cov tsiaj ntawv thiab cov lej, xws li 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334. Qhov ntawd yog qhov chaw nyob IPv6. Vim li cas thiaj muaj ob hom sib txawv, thiab vim li cas IPv6 tau txais?
Teeb meem nrog IPv4
IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4) tau tsim nyob rau thaum ntxov 1980s. Nws siv qhov chaw nyob 32-ntsis, uas txhais tau tias nws tuaj yeem txhawb nqa qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 4.3 billion qhov chaw nyob tshwj xeeb. Hauv xyoo 1980, qhov no zoo li tus nqi tsis kawg. Tsis muaj leej twg tau kwv yees tias thaum kawg, txhua tus neeg yuav muaj lub xov tooj smartphone, khoos phis tawj, TV ntse, thiab lub teeb txuas hauv internet.
Xyoo 2011, lub ntiaj teb kev sau npe tau khiav tawm ntawm qhov chaw nyob IPv4 tshiab. ISPs yuav tsum tau pib siv cov tswv yim ntse (xws li NAT) los qhia ib qho chaw nyob IP pej xeem ntawm ntau lub tsev tsuas yog ua kom internet ua haujlwm.
Nkag mus IPv6
IPv6 tau tsim los daws qhov teeb meem qaug zog no. Hloov 32 ntsis, nws siv 128 ntsis. Qhov kev nthuav dav loj no txhais tau tias IPv6 tuaj yeem muab kwv yees li 340 qhov chaw nyob tsis txaus ntseeg (uas yog 340 ua raws li 36 xoom). Txhawm rau muab tso rau hauv qhov kev xav, muaj qhov chaw nyob IPv6 txaus los muab ib qho rau txhua lub atom ntawm lub ntiaj teb.
Vim li cas IPv6 zoo dua
Tshaj li tsuas yog muab peb qhov chaw nyob ntxiv, IPv6 coj ntau yam kev txhim kho:
- Tsis Muaj NAT ntxiv: Nrog IPv4, koj lub router siv Network Chaw Txhais Lus (NAT) los nkaum tag nrho koj cov khoom siv hauv tsev tom qab ib tus IP pej xeem. Nrog IPv6, txhua lub cuab yeej hauv koj lub tsev tuaj yeem muaj nws tus kheej tshwj xeeb, thoob plaws ntiaj teb routable pej xeem IP chaw nyob, ua rau cov phooj ywg-rau-peer sib txuas (xws li kev ua si hauv online thiab VoIP) sai dua thiab txhim khu kev qha.
- Built-in Security: IPv6 tau tsim nrog IPsec (Internet Protocol Security) built-in, uas muab qhov kawg-rau-kawg encryption thiab authentication, ua rau cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam ntau nyuaj.
- Ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua: Cov qauv ntawm IPv6 ua rau nws yooj yim dua rau cov routers ua cov ntawv ntim khoom, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev paub hauv internet sai dua.
Kev hloov pauv qeeb, tab sis tsis muaj kev zam. Koj tsis tas yuav ua ib yam dab tsi los hloov kho-koj ISP thiab koj cov khoom siv yuav ua rau nws nyob hauv keeb kwm yav dhau!