I kēia lā, manaʻo mākou e hiki i kahi mea liʻiliʻi i loko o kā mākou ʻeke ke kuhikuhi i ko mākou wahi kikoʻī ma nā wahi āpau o ka Honua. Akā ʻo ka Global Positioning System (GPS) he mau ʻumi makahiki i ka hana ʻana, i hānau ʻia mai ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana o ke Kaua Cold a me ka Space Race.
ʻO ka Sputnik Inspiration
I ka makahiki 1957, ua hoʻokumu ka Soviet Union iā Sputnik, ka satellite artificial mua. Ua ʻike ka poʻe ʻepekema ʻAmelika iā Sputnik i kahi mea hoihoi: ma muli o ka hopena Doppler, ua loli ka alapine o nā hōʻailona lekiō o ka satellite i kona neʻe ʻana a kokoke. Ua ʻike lākou inā ʻike lākou i ko lākou wahi kikoʻī ma ka Honua, hiki iā lākou ke palapala i ka orbit o ka satellite. ʻO ka mea nui aku, inā ʻike lākou i ka orbit pololei o ka satellite, hiki iā lākou ke ʻike i ko lākou wahi kikoʻī ma ka Honua.
He Papahana Koa
Ma nā makahiki 1960 a me 1970, ua hoʻomohala ka US Department of Defense i ka manaʻo i kahi ʻōnaehana ikaika i kapa ʻia ʻo Navstar GPS. Ua hoʻolālā ʻia e kōkua i ka pūʻali koa e kuhikuhi pololei i nā missiles, hoʻonohonoho i nā neʻe o ka pūʻali, a hoʻokele i nā moku a me nā mokulele. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka satellite GPS mua i ka makahiki 1978.
Loaʻa Kivila a me "Loaʻa koho"
I ka makahiki 1983, ua pana ʻia kahi mokulele mokulele Korean Air Lines ma hope o ka hele hewa ʻana i ka mokulele Soviet ma muli o kahi hewa hoʻokele. I ka pane ʻana, ua kauoha ʻo Pelekikena Ronald Reagan e hoʻolako ʻia ka GPS no ka hoʻohana kīwila e pale aku i nā pōʻino e hiki mai ana.
Akā naʻe, ua hoʻohaʻahaʻa ka pūʻali koa i ka hōʻailona kīwila ma kahi papahana i kapa ʻia ʻo "Selective Availability," e hoʻolilo i ka GPS kīwila i pololei ʻole ma kahi o 100 mika. ʻAʻole a hiki i ka makahiki 2000 i kauoha ai ʻo Pelekikena Bill Clinton i ka pūʻali koa e hoʻopau i ka Selective Availability, e hana koke ana i ka GPS civila he 10 mau manawa ʻoi aku ka pololei.
Ke Au Hou
ʻO ka wehe ʻia ʻana o Selective Availability i hoʻāla i ka ʻenehana ʻenehana. Ua hiki iā ia ke hana i nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokele kaʻa i kēlā me kēia hulina, nā polokalamu kelepona e pili ana i ka wahi, nā lawelawe kaʻana like e like me Uber, a me nā mea hana wahi a mākou e hoʻohana ai i kēia lā ma nā pūnaewele e like me LocalAtual.