Idan ka duba adireshin IP naka a yau, za ka iya ganin jerin sanannun lambobi huɗu kamar 192.168.1.1. Wannan adireshin IPv4 ne. Amma kuna iya ganin tsayi mai tsayi, hadadden kirtani wanda ya ƙunshi haruffa da lambobi, kamar 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334. Adireshin IPv6 kenan. Me yasa akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan guda biyu, kuma me yasa IPv6 ke ɗaukar nauyi?
Matsalar IPv4
An haɓaka IPv4 (Sigar Intanet na 4) a farkon 1980s. Yana amfani da sararin adireshi 32-bit, wanda ke nufin zai iya tallafawa mafi girman adireshi na musamman na biliyan 4.3. A cikin 1980s, wannan ya zama kamar adadi marar iyaka. Babu wanda ya annabta cewa a ƙarshe, kowane mutum zai sami wayar hannu, kwamfuta, TV mai kaifin baki, da fitilu masu haɗin Intanet.
A cikin 2011, rajista na duniya bisa hukuma ya ƙare da sababbin, adiresoshin IPv4 da ba a sanya su ba. Dole ne ISPs su fara amfani da dabaru masu wayo (kamar NAT) don raba adireshin IP guda ɗaya na jama'a tsakanin gidaje da yawa kawai don ci gaba da yin aiki da intanet.
Shigar da IPv6
An ƙirƙiri IPv6 don magance wannan matsalar gajiya. Maimakon 32 bits, yana amfani da 128 bits. Wannan babban fadada yana nufin IPv6 na iya samar da adireshi kusan 340 undecillion (wato 340 ke biye da sifili 36). Don sanya wannan cikin hangen nesa, akwai isassun adiresoshin IPv6 don sanya ɗaya zuwa kowane zarra guda ɗaya a saman Duniya.
Me yasa IPv6 yafi kyau
Bayan ba mu ƙarin adireshi, IPv6 yana kawo haɓaka fasaha da yawa:
- Babu ƙarin NAT: Tare da IPv4, na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa yana amfani da Fassara Adireshin Yanar Gizo (NAT) don ɓoye duk na'urorin gida a bayan IP na jama'a ɗaya. Tare da IPv6, kowace na'ura a cikin gidanka na iya samun nata na musamman, adireshin IP na jama'a na duniya, yin haɗin kai-da-tsara (kamar wasan kwaikwayo na kan layi da VoIP) da sauri kuma mafi aminci.
- Tsaron Ginawa: An tsara IPv6 tare da ginanniyar IPsec (Tsaron Kayayyakin Intanet), wanda ke ba da ɓoyayyen ɓoyayyen ƙarshen zuwa-ƙarshen da tabbatarwa, yana sa kutse bayanan ya fi wahala.
- Ƙarin Ingantacciyar Hanyar Hanya:Tsarin IPv6 yana ba da sauƙi ga masu amfani da hanyar sadarwa don aiwatar da fakiti, wanda zai iya haifar da ƙwarewar intanet cikin sauri.
Canjin yana jinkiri, amma babu makawa. Ba kwa buƙatar yin wani abu don haɓakawa - ISP ɗinku da na'urorin ku za su sarrafa ta ta atomatik a bango!